Which document is crucial when assessing the quality of data in clinical trials?

The study protocol is essential when assessing the quality of data in clinical trials because it serves as the foundational document outlining the trial's objectives, methodology, statistical considerations, and operational details. This protocol not only describes how the trial will be conducted but also sets the standards for data collection, participant recruitment, and data analysis.

By providing a clear framework, the study protocol ensures that all aspects of the trial are conducted consistently and adhere to predefined criteria, which helps maintain the integrity of the data collected throughout the study. Adherence to the protocol is crucial, as any deviations could lead to variations in data quality and reliability.

While other documents, like the final report, data management plan, and investigator's brochure, contain important information relevant to the trial, they do not encapsulate the comprehensive guidelines for execution and data quality assurance as effectively as the study protocol does.